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Ground Connection - An essential requirement for maximum welding efficiency, is a good ground connection between the welding machine and the work. This is often overlooked and pieces of scrap steel or iron are used as a connection to the work table. Such haphazard connections are a constant source of voltage drop and loss of current. This makes the arc perform erratically. The first beads may be perfect and yet beads at the end of the same pass may show signs of overheated and burned metal. The ground cable of insulated copper wire should be as thick as or thicker than the cable to the electrode. If two pieces of cable have to be joined to obtain the necessary length, this should be done by a competent electrician and be well insulated. High resistance and sparking will occur when a mild steel plate is bolted to the cable and laid loosely upon the work table. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) - An arc welding process which joins metals by heating them with an arc. The arc is between a continuously fed solid filler wire (consumable) electrode and the workpiece. Externally supplied gas or gas mixtures provide shielding for GMAW. Sometimes called MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas) or MAG welding (Metal Active Gas). Gas Nozzle - That part of the GTAW torch that directs the shielding gas flow over the weld area. Made of ceramic, glass, or metal in various styles. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) - Sometimes called TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas), it is a welding process which joins metals by heating them with a tungsten electrode which should not become part of the completed weld. Filler metal is sometimes used and argon inert gas or inert gas mixtures are used for shielding. Groove Angle - When a groove is made between two materials to be joined together, the groove angle represents the total size of the angle between the two beveled edges and denotes the amount of material that is to be removed. Ground Connection - A safety connection from a welding machine frame to the earth. Often used for grounding an engine driven welding machine where a cable is connected from a ground stud on the welding machine to a metal stake placed in the ground. See Work Connection for the difference between work connection and ground connection. Ground Lead - When referring to the connection from the welding machine to the work, see preferred term Work Lead. Gross Weight – The weight of a package plus the weight of its contents.
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