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Immediate (Acute) Health Hazard – See “EPA Hazard Categories.” Inert – A material which, under normal temperatures and pressures, does not react with other materials. Inhibitor – A compound (usually organic) that retards or stops an undesired chemical reaction such as corrosion, oxidation or polymerization. Inlet Pressure (P1; Supply Pressure; Upstream Pressure) – The pressure of the fluid to the supply connection of a control device. Inorganic Substance – Substances that do not contain carbon in their chemical structure. Irritant – The ability of a chemical, which is not corrosive, to cause a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. Isotopes – Forms of an element that differ from one another in the mass of their atoms and in the properties dependent on that mass. Having the same atomic number and the same number of valence electrons, isotopes occupy the same position in the periodic table and have identical properties. They are distinguishable only by the small differences in atomic weight or by radioactive transformations. Impedance - In electricity, impedance will slow down, but not stop, amperage flowing in a circuit. It is the resistance in an alternating current circuit. Impedance is the combination of the natural resistance to current flow in any conductor and the inductive or capacitive reactance in an electric circuit. It is brought about by the building and collapsing field of alternating current. This building and collapsing induces a counter electromotive force (CEMF) (voltage) that holds back, but does not stop, current flow. Included Groove Angle - See preferred term Groove Angle. Incomplete Fusion - Molten filler metal rolling over a weld edge but failing to fuse to the base metal. Also referred to as cold lap. Inductance - Inductance (an inductor) will slow down the changes in current, as if the electrons were sluggish. Inert Gas - A gas that will not combine with any known element. At present 6 are known; argon, helium, xenon, radon, neon, and krypton. Only argon and helium are used as shielding gases for welding. Inverter - Power source which increases the frequency of the incoming primary power, thus providing for a smaller size machine and improved electrical characteristics for welding, such as faster response time and more control for waveshaping and pulse welding. Incomplete Joint Penetration - A condition in the root of a groove weld when the weld metal does not extend through the joint thickness. This is generally considered a defect when the joint by design was to have complete joint penetration.
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